With the advancements in ICT and system digitalisation, the communication between TS and ADS can be strengthened, approaching an optimal system operation. With this setup, TSO and DSO effectively manage their resources, ensuring network constraints and facilitating each other in maximising their offered services, broadly known as ancillary services. Close coordination between TSO-DSO will facilitate reducing the system operation costs and deferring the new investments, which will further enable the energy transition of the power system.

Enhanced the stability of the power system, when a state is detected vulnerable by rescheduling load and generation. Sensitivity factors (SFs) that relate changes in real and reactive power injections at buses to changes in line flow are calculated. Using these SFs, optimal change in generation and load is obtained using Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm subject to various constraints.

The maximum power point tracking using perturb and observe method for the optimization of the photovoltaic system using buck boost converter was done. By varying the duty cycle of the boost converter, the source impedance can be matched to adjust the load impedance which improves the efficiency of the system. The performance has been studied in MATLAB-SIMULINK environment and cross-validated with hardware results.